Not all questions are created alike: Great leaders know the difference
Confusion
One of the best ways to do this is right off the jump of your meeting, by creating ground rules.
Ground rules tell the group what kind of meeting this is. They help you signal how contributions can be made, that disagreement is welcome, and that the goal is conversation rather than consumption. They also create a shared agreement you can return to if things get uncomfortable.
It’s especially helpful when you think the group has misaligned expectations, it’s a first-time gathering and people don’t know what to expect, or it’s an established routine that you’d like to refresh. A great trick is to establish ground rules in partnership with your attendees to get commitment from the start. Consider questions like:
- How will we show up?
- When should we each provide input?
- How long should we speak before giving someone else the floor?
- How can we kindly and respectfully ask people to get to the point?
- How will we hold each other accountable to these ground rules?
Most facilitators skip this because it feels implied, or slightly awkward to state out loud with a group of adults. Skip it and you spend the rest of the session trying to establish norms that should have been agreed on at the start. When ground rules are set well, the group has already said yes to participating before the first real ask.
- The yes/no question — "Did you...? Have you...? Are you...?" These questions can only be answered yes or no. They don't invite thinking, they invite confirmation or denial. And because the implied answer is already in the question, they're really just advice in disguise.
- The "why" question — When you ask someone “Why,” you put them on the back foot. “Why did you do it that way?" forces justification. The person has to defend themselves, not explore their thinking. And it puts you on the opposite side of the metaphorical table rather than side-by-side with the person you’re talking to.
- The context-gathering spiral — Asking question after question to collect information so you can formulate an opinion. This looks like curiosity, but it serves you, not the person or people you’re talking to. They end up simply repeating information they already know so you can catch up.
Consider for yourself: Am I asking this question because it's going to help me formulate an opinion, or am I asking this question because it's going to help them process?
Most people don't have anyone in their professional life who just asks them questions for the sake of exploration. People don’t usually create space to think out loud.
Instead they rush toward a conclusion. When you become that person, people notice. They seek you out. Not because you have all the answers — because you give them the room to find their own.
In our
Curiosity and Powerful Questions virtual workshop, we have folks practice asking and answering powerful questions. During the debrief, someone inevitably shares, “I shared a real work challenge I’ve been stuck on and I felt like I made so much progress in just 4 minutes.” That's the impact of great questions.
What do more powerful questions look like?
What, When, Where, or How.
Imagine someone came to you and said, “I do one thing, and then the goals change, and then I do another thing, and the goals change again! Can't we just make a plan and stick to it?”
Here are some less powerful ways you could respond:
- You should try this…
- Have you tried this… ?
- Would knowing about the changes in advance help?
- Why are the goals changing?
You’re just telling the other person what to do, trying to find out more info or making them defensive.
Alternatively, here are some powerful questions you could ask:
- What’s important about this right now?
- What could make the goals stick?
- What type of plan would help?
- What would help you navigate the changes?
Powerful questions help the person reflect on and think through the challenge while staying focused on ways to move towards action.
Stephanie had a mentor who went straight to ‘here’s what I would do’ the moment Stepanie asked for advice. Although this mentor was extremely well-meaning, the advice she gave was irrelevant and outside of Stephanie’s reality. “Take your clients to the ballet,” she said. But Stephanie lived nowhere near a ballet company, and her clients weren’t local to her. If this mentor had just paused to ask Stephanie a few questions, her insights would have been a lot better formulated.
Most people leading a discussion default to questions that inform them rather than explore possibilities. The difference is subtle, but the impact is huge.
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